Cluster and characteristic analysis of Shanghai metro stations based on metro card and land-use data

Metro is an important form of public transport in Shanghai. Based on the metro card data, we conduct the cluster analysis of Shanghai metro stations according to the pattern of passenger flow changing with time. Then the characteristics of travel time and surrounding land use are investigated for different types of stations to explore the relationship between urban land-use characteristics and travel activities reflected by passenger flow at metro stations. It is found that the passenger flow pattern of metro stations is closely related to the location conditions of stations and its surrounding land-use patterns. Based on various characteristics, 285 metro stations are classified into four types, including residential-oriented stations, employment-oriented stations, employment-residence-oriented stations, and integrated functional-oriented stations, reflecting the interaction between spontaneous travel behavior and urban land-use characteristics and providing a reference for optimizing the urban functional structure and the spatial allocation of facilities.