What about people in pedestrian navigation?

Pedestrian navigation has become an important theoretical and practical research topic in many disciplines such as cartography,geographical information science,global and indoor positioning,spatial behavior,psychology,sociology,and neuroscience.Many research studies view pedestrian navigation using process-oriented and goal-directed approaches.However,this paper revisits people's needs in pedestrian navigation and classifies their needs as three layers:physical sense layer,physiological safety layer,and mental satisfaction layer according to Maslow's theory.This paper introduces a people-centric framework for pedestrian navigation theory based on these three layers and discusses theoretical challenges for meeting each layer of people's needs.These challenging theories may represent promising and valuable research and promote usage of pedestrian navigation systems or devices in the future.